What happens to a class gift if a potential member dies before the testator?

In the context of class gifts in wills, when a potential member of the class dies before the testator, the typical outcome is that the entire gift lapses completely, which is reflected in option A. This is based on the principle of "lapse" in will construction.

When a class is referred to in a will, it generally means that the gift is intended to be shared among a group of individuals who qualify as members of that class at the time of the testator's death. If one of the named individuals dies before the testator, they are no longer considered a member, and unless the will specifically states otherwise, that share of the gift does not automatically transfer to the other class members. Instead, the entire class gift can lapse.

This principle helps ensure that the testator's intent is honored consistently. The testator may have intended for the gift to be divided among living persons at the time of their death, rather than being reallocated or passed on to others outside of the intended class. Such rigid rules help to avoid ambiguity and ensure clear distribution according to the testator’s intent at the time of death.